71 ¹ø ±Û: [¹Ì¿Ï¼º][sendmail] ¸ÖƼť »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ext2 ºÎÇÏ·® ÁÙÀ̱â |
±Û¾´ÀÌ: »êÀÌ
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±Û¾´³¯: 2003³â 11¿ù 14ÀÏ 23:14:56 ±Ý(Àú³á) |
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9 KB(9,632 Bytes)
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ÆÄÀϸí: mqueue.txt
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[sendmail] ¸ÖƼť »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ext2 ºÎÇÏ·® ÁÙÀ̱â
- ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ : ±èÄ¥ºÀ <san2(at)linuxchannel.net>
- ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 2002.11.30
- ºÐ ·ù : ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ü¸®(SE)
- ¼ö ÁØ : ÃÊÁß±ÞÀÌ»ó
- ³» ¿ë : ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡¼ sendmailÀÇ ¸ÖƼ Å¥ ¼³Á¤
- Å°¿öµå : mqueue, sendmail, multi queue, ext2
*ÁÖ)
ÀÌ ¹®¼ÀÇ ÃֽŠ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½ URL¿¡¼ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
- http://linuxchannel.net/docs/sendmail-mqueue.txt
=====================================================
1. ¹è°æ
2. ¸ÖƼť ¼³Á¤
3. ¸ÖƼť ¼³Á¤ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥ ó¸®
4. sendmailÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Áß´ëÇü ¸ÞÀÏ Ã³¸®(°³¿ä)
5. ±âŸ
=====================================================
1. ¹è°æ
Àú³Î¸µ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ(ext3, xfs, reiserfs, ...)ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ext2 ÆÄÀÏ
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®Á¦Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Áï,
ÇϳªÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÆÄÀÏ °³¼ö°¡ 1000~3000°³ ÀÌ»ó Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í
ÇØ´ç ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àбâ/¾²±â¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÒ °æ¿ì ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ
CPU »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î Àüü ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÇÏ·®ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â Çö»óÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
½Ã½ºÅÛ »ç¾ç¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÆÄÀÏ °³¼öÇÑ°è°¡ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸
º¸Åë 1000~3000°³ ÀÌ»óÀ̸é ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â
¾öû³ ºÎÇÏ·®ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦·Î RH7.2/2.4.18, ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ¸·Î H/W´Â ¸·°ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ
»ç¾çÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í,
sendmailÀÇ Å¥µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Çϳª·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì,
CPU »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ 2°³ ¸ðµÎ °¢°¢ Ç×»ó 90~95% ÀÌ»óÀ» Á¡À¯ÇÏ´õ±º¿ä
»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸î½Ê¸¸¸í ÀÌ»óµÇ´Â Áß´ëÇü ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö ¿ëµµÀε¥ ¿ª½Ã ext2ÀÇ
ÇÑ°è·Î ÆǸíµÇ´õ±º¿ä.
¿äÁîÀ½Àº ½ºÆÔ¸ÞÀÏ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¶§¾Æ´Ñ ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö°¡ ¸ö»ì(?)À» ¾Î°í
Àִ°ÍÀÌ Çö½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
2. ¸ÖƼť ¼³Á¤
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö°¡ ext2 ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÌ°í,
¸Å¿ì ¹Ù»Û ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é
sendmailÀÇ °æ¿ì Å¥µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
¸ÖƼť·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ¸é CPU »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ ¶Ò ¶³¾îÁý´Ï´Ù.
(°æÇèÇÑ ¹Ù·Î´Â 90%¿¡¼ 20~30% Á¤µµ·Î)
¸ÖƼť Áö¿øÀº sendmail 8.10 ÀÌ»óºÎÅÍ Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
(ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î È®Àοä¸Á)
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf -----------------------
....
# queue directory
O QueueDirectory=/var/spool/mqueue/*
....
---------------------------------------------
¿¹)
# mkdir /var/spool/mqueue/{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
# chown root.mail /var/spool/mqueue/{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
¹Ýµå½Ã À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¸¦µé¾î,
O QueueDirectory=/var/spool/mqueue/q*
ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù¸é,
# mkdir /var/spool/mqueue/{q1,q2,q3,q4,q5,q6}
¿Í °°ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î µð·ºÅ丮 °³¼ö¿Í µð·ºÅ丮 À̸§À»
¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 5°³ ÀÌ»ó Á¤µµ·Î ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¸é
¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿ªÈ¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î 5~10 Á¤µµ(±ÇÀå) ¶Ç´Â 5~20°³
Á¤µµ°¡ Àû´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸ÖƼťÀÇ ÀåÁ¡Àº ·£´ýÇÏ°Ô Å¥µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿©
ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àбâ/¾²±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ¸¹Àº ÆÄÀÏ󸮷ΠÀÎÇÑ
½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÇϸ¦ °¨¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
3. ¸ÖƼť ¼³Á¤ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥ ó¸®
¸ÖƼť µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ Àü¿¡
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµÎ ó¸®ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¾ÆÁ÷ 󸮵ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥°¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù¸é,
100~500°³ ´ÜÀ§ Á¤µµ·Î ¹¾î¼ °¢°¢ÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮 ¾È¿¡¼
ó¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇϳªÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼ ó¸®Çصµ »ó°ü¾øÁö¸¸
ext2 ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼´Â ºÎÇÏ°¡ ¿¹»óµÇ¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
¿©·¯°³ÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮·Î ºÐ»êÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ»
±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¾ÆÁ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥°¡ 1000°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â´Ù¸é
300°³ Á¤µµÀÇ ´ÜÀ§·Î Àӽà µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.
* Àӽà µð·ºÅ丮 °³¼ö = (int)³²Àº_¸ÞÀÏÅ¥_°³¼ö/300
+ 1
¸¸¾à 'Àӽà µð·ºÅ丮 °³¼ö'°¡ 4°³ À̸é,
# mkdir -p /var/spool/mqueue_tmp/{1,2,3,4}
# chown root.mail -R /var/spool/mqueue_tmp
ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥¸¦ ½ÖÀ¸·Î(¸ÞÀÏ Å¥´Â ½ÖÀ¸·Î µÇ¾îÀÖÀ½)
°¢°¢ÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÄÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú sendmail À» Çϳª ´õ ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹)
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -bD -q30s \
-ODeliveryMode=queueonly \
-OQueueDirectory=/var/spool/mqueue_tmp/* \
-ODaemonPortOptions=Addr=localhost,Port=2525
¸¸¾à ¹é±×¶ó¿îµå·Î °è¼Ó ½ÇÇàÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é
-bD ´ë½Å -bd ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä.
-ODaemonPortOptions=Addr=localhost,Port=2525
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ localhost¿¡¼ ¸¸ 2525¹ø Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ¿¾î¼
sendmailÀÌ 1ºÐ(1m) °£°ÝÀ¸·Î ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥¸¦ ó¸®Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Port Å° ÁöÁ¤Àº `netstat -atn`ÀÇ °á°ú¿¡¼ ¾ÆÁ÷ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
Æ÷Æ®·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø Æ÷Æ®(¿¹:25)¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϸé
451 4.0.0 opendaemonsocket: daemon Daemon0: cannot bind: Address already in use
ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿¡·¯¸¦ ³»¹Ç·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Æ÷Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؾß
ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ Addr Å° ¼³Á¤À» localhost°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®³ª ÀÌ Å°¸¦
¾Æ¿¹ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ´Ù¸¥ MTA ¶Ç´Â MUA¿¡¼ RELAY°¡ °¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ
(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¹æȺ® ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡¼ sendmail RELAY ¿î¿µ °¡´É)
ÀÌ °æ¿ì´Â 'lcoalhost'·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
4. sendmailÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Áß´ëÇü ¸ÞÀÏ Ã³¸®(°³¿ä)
½ÇÁ¦·Î Áß´ëÇü ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö¿¡¼ sendmailÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì,
¸ÞÀϵ¥¸óÀ» Çϳª°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¿©·¯°³(2°³ ÀÌ»ó)ÀÇ ¸ÖƼµ¥¸óÀ»
ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ Çϳª´Â defered ¸ðµå·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÀÏÀ» Å¥¿¡
½×µµ·Ï ÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö ¸ÞÀϵ¥¸ó(µé)Àº ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥À» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â
¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅÃÇÏ´õ±º¿ä.
¸ÖƼµ¥¸óÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °æ¿ì ÃÖ´ë ¸ÞÀÏ󸮷®°ú ±âŸ ½Ã½ºÅÛ
¼³°è¿Í ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î µû·Î ¿À´Âµ¥ sendmail ÂÊ¿¡¼´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸ÖƼµ¥¸óÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ sendmail µ¥¸óÀ» ¶ç¾î
°¢°¢ deferred ¸ðµå, 1Â÷ ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥ ó¸®, 2Â÷ ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥ 󸮵îÀ¸·Î
ºÐ´ãÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -bd \
-ODeliveryMode=deferred \
-OQueueDirectory=/var/spool/mqueue/*
#
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -bd -q10s \
-ODeliveryMode=queueonly \
-OMaxDaemonChildren=128 \
-OQueueDirectory=/var/spool/mqueue/* \
-ODaemonPortOptions=Addr=localhost,Port=2525
#
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -bd -q10m \
-ODeliveryMode=queueonly \
-OMaxDaemonChildren=64 \
-OQueueDirectory=/var/spool/mqueue2/* \
-ODaemonPortOptions=Addr=localhost,Port=2526
#
/var/spool/mqueue2/* ¸ÖƼť µð·ºÅ丮´Â /var/spool/mqueue/* ¸ÖƼť
µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼ 󸮵ÇÁö ¸øÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏ(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¿ø°ÝÀÇ ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö°¡
´Ù¿îµÇ°Å³ª ºÒºÐ¸íÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹Ìó 󸮵ÇÁö ¸øÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏ)À» ´Ù¸¥
tooolsÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î /var/spool/mqueue2/* ·Î À̵¿ÇßÀ»
°æ¿ì¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿À·¡µÈ ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ Å¥µð·ºÅ丮·Î À̵¿Çؾ߸¸ ÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â
sendmail ¼Ò½ºµð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼ re-mqueue.pl ÅøÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Áï, re-mqueue.pl À» ÀÏÁ¤½Ã°£ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î(crond ÀÌ¿ë) ½ÇÇàÇØ ³õÀº
»óÅ¿¡¼ ¾ÕÀÇ ¼¼¹ø°ÀÇ sendmail ÀÌ Ã³¸®Çϵµ·Ï ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
re-mqueue.pl ÅøÀº sendmail ¼Ò½º¸¦ Á÷Á¢ Ç®¾î¼ contrib µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼
ãµçÁö ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ URL¿¡¼µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
- http://openbsd.secsup.org/src/gnu/usr.sbin/sendmail/contrib/
½ÇÁ¦·Î sendmailÀ» Áß´ëÇü ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö·Î ¿î¿µÇÒ °æ¿ì
¸ÖƼť ¼³Á¤ ¿Ü¿¡ ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥ 󸮿¡ °üÇÑ ¼³Á¤, ±×¸®°í ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ
´Ù¸¥ ¼³Á¤µµ ÇʼöÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¿¹)
# maximum hop count
#O MaxHopCount=17
# name resolver options
#O ResolverOptions=+AAONLY
# open connection cache size
O ConnectionCacheSize=2
# open connection cache timeout
O ConnectionCacheTimeout=5m
# slope of queue-only function
#O QueueFactor=600000
# time out
O Timeout.xxx=yyy
# load average at which we just queue messages
#O QueueLA=8
# load average at which we refuse connections
#O RefuseLA=12
# maximum number of children we allow at one time
#O MaxDaemonChildren=12
# maximum number of new connections per second
#O ConnectionRateThrottle=3
# how many jobs can you process in the queue?
#O MaxQueueRunSize=10000
# maximum number of recipients per SMTP envelope
#O MaxRecipientsPerMessage=100
# work recipient factor
#O RecipientFactor=30000
# minimum time in queue before retry
#O MinQueueAge=30m
# Data file (df) memory-buffer file maximum size
#O DataFileBufferSize=4096
# Transcript file (xf) memory-buffer file maximum size
#O XscriptFileBufferSize=4096
ÃÖ´ë ¸ÞÀÏ󸮷®¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ´Ù¸§
echo 8192 >/proc/sys/fs/file-max
echo 24576 >/proc/sys/fs/inode-max
±×¿Ü¿¡µµ ½Ã½ºÅ۷α×/¸ÞÀϷα׿¡
´ëÇÑ logrotate ¼³Á¤µµ ÇʼöÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
5. ±âŸ
Áß´ëÇü ¸ÞÀϼ¹ö·Î ¿î¿µÇÒ °æ¿ì¶ó¸é,
°¡´ÉÇÑ ext2°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ Àú³Î¸µ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ »ç¿ë°ú
sendmailÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ MTA¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϴ°ÍÀÌ ´õ À¯¸®ÇÑ
¹æ¾ÈÀÌ µÇ°Ú±º¿ä.
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´ÙÀ½±Û : [³×Æ®¿öÅ©] °£´ÜÇÑ °è»ê¹æ¹ý
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